Biomarkers

Biomarkers are biological measures used to assess health conditions, disease states, and treatment responses.

20 Types of biomarkers

  • Urea - Urea is a waste product formed in the liver through the breakdown of proteins, serves as a key biomarker for assessing kidney function and overall nitrogen balance in the body.

  • Creatinine - Creatinine is a waste product formed by the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. It is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. The measurement of creatinine levels in the blood and urine serves as an important biomarker for kidney function.

  • estimated GFR: - Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is a crucial biomarker used to assess kidney function. It estimates the rate at which the kidneys filter blood, helping to identify the presence and severity of kidney diseases.

  • C-reactive protein (CRP): CRP is a biomarker widely used to assess inflammation. It is produced by the liver in response to inlammation, and its levels rise in the blood when there is an acute inflammatory process, infection or other conditions causing inflammation.

  • Total protein: Total protein is a biomarker that reflects the overall levels of protein, primarily albumin and globulin, present in the blood stream. These proteins play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including maintaining oncotic pressure, immune responses and transporting substances.

  • Albumin: Albumin is a crucial protein in the blood, synthesized by the liver. It serves various important functions, and its measurement as a biomarker provides valuable insights in to an individuals health, particularly related to liver and kidney function, nutritional status and systemic inflammation.

  • Globulin: Globulin is a group of proteins in the blood that plays a significant role in various bodily functions, including immune responses, blood clotting, and transporting substances. Measuring globulin levels can provide important insights in to an individuals health, particularly regarding immune function, liver health and the presence of certain diseases.

  • Alkaline Phosphatase: (ALP) is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, with particularly high concentrations in the liver, bile ducts and bone. Measuring ALP levels in the blood can provide important information about liver function, bone metabolism and certain diseases.

  • Bilirubin biomarker: Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the blood as a byproduct of the normal breakdown of red blood cells. It serves as an important biomarker for assessing liver function, bile duct health and the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia’s.

  • Cholesterol: Cholesterol is a type of lipid (fat) that is crucial for various bodily functions, including the formation of cell membranes, production of hormones, and synthesis of vitamin D. However, abnormal cholesterol levels, particularly elevated levels, are a significant risk for cardiovascular disease.

  • Triglycerides: Triglycerides are a type of fat (Lipid) found in the blood. They are a crucial source of energy for the body but, elevated triglyceride levels can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and other health problems.

  • HDL Cholesterol: High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often referred to as “good” cholesterol because it helps remover other forms of cholesterol, particularly Low-Density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, from the blood stream. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

  • HDL % of Total: HDL % of Total is often referred to as HDL-cholesterol or HDL-C ratio, is a calculated value that provides additional insights in to cardiovascular risk assessment beyond absolute HDL cholesterol.

  • Non HDL Cholesterol: Non-HDL cholesterol is a useful biomarker for assessing cardiovascular risk and is calculated by subtracting HDL cholesterol from total cholesterol.

  • LDL Cholesterol: Low - Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as “bad cholesterol”, is a significant biomarker in cardiovascular health assessment. Elevated LDL cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

  • Iron: Iron is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including oxygen transport, energy production, and DNA synthesis. It is monitored through several biomarkers in the body, providing insights in to iron status and potential deficiencies or excesses.

  • UIBC: UIBC (Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity) is a laboratory test used to assess the amount of transferring that is available to bind with iron in the blood. It provides important insights in to iron metabolism and helps in diagnosing various iron-related disorders.

  • TIBC: Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) is a biomarker that measures the total amount of iron that can be bound by transferring in the blood. It is a useful test in assessing iron status and diagnosing various iron-related disorders.

  • Ferritin: Ferritin is a biomarker used to assess the body’s iron stores.

  • Total Vitamin B12: Total Vitamin B12 is a biomarker used to assess the overall level of vitamin B12 in the body. Assess nutritional status and diagnose deficiency. Red blood cell production, Neurological function and Metabolism.

    There are over 5,000 blood biomarkers.